Schools across Italy have received bomb threats for the second day in a row, sparking fresh panic and evacuations.

Some 1,800 schools, from Milan in the north to Sicily in the south, reported receiving a similar threat to one that created chaos in Italy on Wednesday - even though no devices have been found anywhere.

The Italian government has advised schools that "in the absence of concrete evidence beyond the simple receipt of a mass email indicating a danger, buildings must not not be evacuated".

Schools in Scotland and Northern Ireland received threats on Wednesday, too. It is unclear whether the incidents are connected.

On Thursday morning, a bomb alert at a Calais rail station delayed international and national train services in northern France.

The latest incidents follow a series of bomb hoaxes last week against airports and airlines in a number of European countries.

Although a number of threats were claimed by an extremist misogynistic group, it later denied any link to the false warnings.

Wednesday's email threat - sent to 6,300 out of a total of 7,476 Italian state schools - was said to be from a certain "Mikhail Andropov, leader of Vilayat di Misoginistan".

Some officials say it originated in Taiwan.

A similar message sent to Italian schools on Thursday, again signed by Mikhail Andropov, is said to have been sent from the account of a teacher in the Philippines whose account is believed to have been hacked.

Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has spoken of "a strategy intended to cause alarm and concern".

Many parents, though, are concerned and have been demanding clarity and action from the government.

La Repubblica newspaper reports that protests have been held against a decision by the headmaster of a secondary school in Rome who did not take any action, saying she had realised the threatening message to contain typos and therefore be "fake".

According to the newspaper, protesters want new national guidelines to be issued.