As global tensions remain high, there has been a renewed interest in where people would be safest in the unlikely event of a nuclear attack on the UK.
The UK's latest National Security Strategy describes the international landscape as one of "radical uncertainty", with growing cooperation between hostile states including Russia, China, Iran and North Korea. Russia has been identified as the UK's most significant state threat, with intelligence agencies warning of escalating "grey-zone" activities across Europe, including sabotage and interference operations.
Meanwhile, tensions involving Iran, attacks on international shipping routes and concerns over nuclear proliferation continue to pose challenges to global security.
While these threats are far removed from the prospect of a direct nuclear attack on Britain, it has nevertheless stirred up the need for emergency preparedness and civil defence.
Many people would assume that London's extensive Underground network would offer one of the safest refuges in such a scenario, similar to the role Tube stations played during the Blitz.
However, some experts have questioned how effective the network would be against modern, more powerful, nuclear weapons.
Andrew Futter, Professor of International Politics at the University of Leicester, previously warned that the London Underground "probably wouldn't be deep enough if there was a direct hit".
He said that while underground stations could offer protection from fallout and secondary effects, survival would depend heavily on proximity to any blast zone.
Experts generally agree that being well away from a likely target area would offer a better chance of survival than relying solely on underground shelter in a major city.
As a result, remote and less strategically important areas are often viewed as comparatively safer locations.
Property researchers have previously identified a number of UK locations that could be among the safest due to their geography, lower population density and distance from major strategic targets.
Many of the locations are found in coastal, rural or northern parts of the UK, areas often considered less likely to be directly affected by military targets.
Nevertheless, experts emphasise that preparedness, access to official information and following emergency guidance would remain the most important factors in any national emergency, regardless of where someone lives.
However, specialists also caution that no part of the UK could be guaranteed safe in the event of a nuclear strike.
Radioactive fallout can travel long distances depending on weather conditions and wind direction, meaning even isolated areas could be affected.
According to guidance from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the most important action in the aftermath of a nuclear detonation is to seek shelter quickly in the centre of a substantial building or underground location before radioactive fallout arrives.
